mmWave for 6G

Wireless communication in mmWave bands, which range from 20 GHz to 300 GHz, is expected to be a key enabling technology for 6G wireless systems, because the huge available bandwidth can accommodate ultra-high data-rate communications.

Within that range of mmWave bands CEA-Leti’s research is investigating D-band, a new spectrum at 140 GHz that may play a major role for 6G wireless communication.

CEA-Leti and Siradel are considering several beyond-5G applications for these systems. These include high-capacity back-haul, enhanced hot-spot kiosks and short-range device-to-device communication. These applications’ data-transfer speed requirements, typically greater than 100 Gbps per cell or per link, exceed the capability of  5G, and are not affected by the main constraints imposed by the sub-THz frequencies.

“Challenges to using D-band wireless communication include free-space wave-propagation losses that increase with the square of the frequency and have to be compensated for using high-gain antennas. That entails severe constraints on antenna directivity and alignment,” says Leti’s Jean-Baptiste Doré.

The constraints include physical barriers to sub-THz wave propagation, which can be blocked or strongly attenuated by walls, trees or even windows. Even in a clear propagation path, high-gain antennas are required. To address this challenge, CEA-Leti is designing technologies that are beyond state of the art with high directivity and an electronically steerable antenna.

Because CMOS technologies cannot produce devices that deliver the maximum transistor frequency needed for sub-THz applications, CEA-Leti is investigating optimised RF circuit designs with innovative architectures for these applications, and new materials and devices to address D-band frequencies and beyond.

“For device-to-device communication, we have demonstrated that is possible to reach multi-Gbps throughput using spatial multiplexing and a simple RF architecture,” Doré said. “The main outcome is that with the proposed mixed-signal, analog & digital, the required power delivered by transistors is limited to microwatts which makes CMOS technologies possible.”

The design of enabler technologies for 6G has already started.

This work includes the investigation of new materials and devices for the sub-THz band, enhanced RF CMOS architectures and antenna systems as well as high-performance digital processing. CEA-Leti teams also are investigating heterogeneous integrations on system-on-chip and/or system-in-package. 

See the draft 6G Channel white paper here

and the 6G Summit paper ‘Technology roadmap for beyond 5G wireless connectivity in D-band‘